Orthopedic

Musculoskeletal pain refers to discomfort or pain that arises from the body’s muscles, joints, ligaments, tendons, or bones - the very structures that support movement and stability. It can affect any part of the body, including the neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, back, hip, knee or ankle. Common symptoms include aching, stiffness, swelling, tenderness, weakness or difficulty performing regular activities such as walking, lifting, or bending. This pain may appear suddenly due to injury, accident or overexertion, or it can develop gradually from poor posture, repetitive strain, arthritis, or age-related wear and tear. 

Joint Arthritis is a degenerative and inflammatory condition that affects the joints — the points where two bones meet and move. It causes pain, stiffness, swelling, and gradual loss of mobility. The most common form, Osteoarthritis (OA), develops due to wear and tear of the articular cartilage - the smooth, protective layer that covers the ends of bones inside the joint. Over time, this cartilage becomes thinner and rough, reducing the cushioning between bones. As a result, the bones begin to rub against each other, leading to friction, joint inflammation, stiffness and pain. This process is often seen in weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips and spine, but it can also affect the shoulders, hands and ankles. 

Spine Disc bulge — often referred to as a slipped disc or herniated disc — is a spinal condition that occurs when the soft inner portion of an intervertebral disc protrudes outward through a weakened or damaged outer layer. When the disc experiences excessive pressure, poor posture, sudden strain or degenerative changes, the outer layer can weaken or tear, causing the inner material to bulge outward. This bulge can compress nearby spinal nerves, leading to pain, numbness, tingling or weakness that radiates to other areas - for example, down the leg in cases of lumbar disc bulge (sciatica) or into the arm in cervical disc bulge.

Frozen shoulder medically known as Adhesive Capsulitis, is a condition that causes pain, stiffness and restricted movement in the shoulder joint. It occurs when the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint - a flexible connective tissue that allows smooth motion - becomes inflamed, thickened, and tight, forming adhesions that limit mobility. Over time, this leads to a gradual loss of shoulder movement and significant discomfort, especially during overhead or reaching activities. Frozen shoulder can develop without an obvious cause, but it is more common in individuals who have diabetes, thyroid disorders, prolonged immobilization, post-surgical stiffness or shoulder injuries such as rotator cuff strain or fractures. It usually affects one shoulder but can occasionally occur in both. 

Ergonomic injuries, occur due to poor posture, repetitive movements, awkward positions or prolonged static activity - especially in modern work environments. These injuries develop gradually over time as the body is repeatedly placed under mechanical stress without adequate rest or movement. Common examples include neck and back strain from long hours of sitting, shoulder tension from improper desk setup, wrist and forearm pain from typing or mouse use and knee or hip discomfort from prolonged standing. Ergonomic injuries usually affect the neck, shoulders, lower back, elbows and wrists, leading to symptoms such as aching, stiffness, tingling, fatigue and reduced joint mobility. Over time, if left untreated, they can progress to chronic pain conditions that interfere with work performance and quality of life. 

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel and foot pain, especially among people who spend long hours standing, walking, or running. It occurs due to inflammation or micro-tears in the plantar fascia, a thick band of connective tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, connecting the heel bone to the toes. This structure plays a vital role in supporting the arch of the foot and absorbing shock during movement. When the plantar fascia is repeatedly strained - because of overuse, poor footwear, flat feet, high arches, obesity or tight calf muscles - it can lead to irritation and pain, typically felt as a sharp, stabbing sensation in the heel, especially during the first steps in the morning or after long periods of rest.